Background The development of weaving forms part of the 'human revolution' in the Upper Palaeolithic. Research Questions, Methodology, Methods By combining the three strands of evidence outlined above, this project will enhance understanding of the 'know how' of weaving technology. Significance Those analyses have the potential to lead to a deeper understanding of the origins of weaving as well as developing a new understanding of the earliest technology of plant use, both in terms of technological 'know-how', and what symbolic significance weaving and woven materials had in the everyday life of Palaeolithic communities.
Phytolith Analysis. Phytolith Analysis Identifying the plants utilised in weaving from this period is difficult. People Dr. Bibliography [1] Adavasio, J. Antiquity Textiles and Cordage: a preliminary assessment. In Svodoba, J.
Dolni Vestonice Studies Vol. Brno: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, American Journal of Botany 86 11 Osobennosti ukrashehij Kostenkovsko-Avdeevskoj kultury. Rossijskaya Arheologiya 1: Plants as the raw materials for crafts. In Fairbairn, A. Neolithic Studies Group Seminar Papers 5. Lascaux Inconnu. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 9 2 Phytolith Analysis, an archaeological and geological perspective. London: Academic Press Inc.
Oxford: Altamira Press. In Hodder, I. Inhabiting Chatalhoyuk, reports from the seasons. Plants as Material Culture in the Near Eastern Neolithic: perspectives from the silica skeleton artifactual remains at Chatalhoyuk.
Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 30 3 The 'Venus' figurines, textile, basketry, gender, and status in the Upper Palaeolithic, Current Anthropology 41, 4: Palaeolithic Perishables made Permanent. Palaeobotany from Phytoliths. In Herzog, Z. Excavations at Tel Michael, Israel. The Broad Spectrum Revisited: evidence from plant remains.
PNAS 26 Chatalhoyuk Basketry. Changing Materiality at Chatalhoyuk, reports from the seasons. Project Tags. Weaving was probably invented much later than spinning , around BC , in West Asia. At first people just wove narrow bands with their fingers, tying one end to their belt. That was something like the finger-knitting you might know how to do. Minoan man wearing a kilt that may be made of band-woven strips sewn together, from the tomb of Rekhmire, in Egypt, about BC.
You could do band-weaving while you were riding a horse, so it was better for nomads than loom-weaving. People sewed the long bands — like ribbons or headbands — together along the long sides.
They wrapped those cloths around their middles to make skirts or kilts. In this picture from New Kingdom Egypt, a Minoan man wears a kilt that seems to be made this way, by sewing five or six bands together. But by about BC, enough people had settled down to live in houses with courtyards that some of them started to use big heavy looms. A loom is a wooden frame that keeps the strings pulled tight so you can weave in and out of them conveniently.
In sunny places like Egypt or Iran, people stretch out the loom horizontally in the courtyard. In the video, a woman uses a horizontal loom. You can also see a horizontal loom in the model of a weaving workshop from an Egyptian tomb scroll down. But in rainy or cold places, like Greece and Italy, people used a loom that stood up against the wall, so you could use it inside the house. People also invented weaving in the Americas , maybe around the same time as in Afro-Eurasia. They might have brought band-weaving with them from Asia, and then, as they settled down, they also invented wider looms and wider fabrics.
In the Americas, people mostly wove cotton and alpaca wool. Of course there are many other uses for thread like tying up your hair or making fishing lines or hunting nets. But suppose you want to make cloth. So you take this thread and you loop it back and forth over a loom to make the warp , and then you weave back and forth through the warp to make the weft , and then you have a finished piece of cloth.
Greek women weaving at a vertical warp-weighted loom — Athens, s BC. People used different kinds of thread depending on where they were. Some places were hot, and people wanted thin, breezy clothing. They wore mostly linen and silk and cotton. Other places were cold, and people wore a lot of wool and hemp cloth to keep them warm. You weave all of these different materials the same way, on a loom. Weaving by hand, passing the shuttle in and out, was really slow, and only rich people could afford clothing made this way.
Band-weaving was faster, but then you had to sew all the strips together. So weavers invented better looms that could make cloth much faster. Colonial America relied on Great Britain for manufactured goods so they began to weave cloth from locally produced fibers.
Cotton and wool was mostly used but because of the labor-intensive process to separate the seeds from the cotton fiber, wool was used more. That changed with the invention of the cotton gin, a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds.
Flax and hemp were also used as a material for fabrics. Plain weave was preferred at the time with decorations woven into the fabric or wood block printing.
Industrial revolution switched weaving from hand to machine. John Kay invented the flying shuttle in and enabled weaving of wider fabric as well as made it faster. The first factories for weaving were built in Jacquard loom was invented in about It could be programmed with punch cards which enabled faster weaving of more complicated patterns.
White fabrics were printed mechanically with natural dyes at first with synthetic dyes coming in the second half of the 19th century.
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